by simon
Why are the oceans important? The importance of wildlife.

The importance of the oceans, their wildlife and ecosystems

The land and oceans are part of one system: Earth. So when we ask, why are the oceans important? We’re asking about our own future. Life began in the ocean billions of years before the first plants or animals colonised land. Oceans regulate the state of our atmosphere because they are 99 per cent of the volume of living space for animals and wildlife is the mechanism that drives stability.

Climate change has always been the symptom of biodiversity loss … that’s to say, the breakdown of the complex connectivity between lifeforms that allows Earth to flex in response to changing conditions. Ocean wildlife has, for the large part, acted as a buffer against the most catastrophic effects and since about fifty million years ago, has kept our climate quite stable.

Industrial fishing only happened recently in our planet’s history and this reduction in the abundance of wildlife represents our greatest challenge for survival.

Below you will find a range of articles designed to inspire an understanding of the magnitude of animal impact on our oceans.

What’s more important, the ocean or the land?

The importance we bestow on the land is anthropocentric because we live there. It’s naturally important to us that we protect it. Nonetheless, if life in the ocean dies, we suffer irreversible changes to land-based ecosystems and climate.

In this article, we take a look at many of the ways that land and oceans are linked together.

The answer to the question, ‘why are the oceans important’, is that we live on the land but the oceans regulate Earth’s temperature. The oceans are equally vital to the land we live on.

Latest posts about why the oceans are important

Wildlife Conservation Artwork.The importance of wildlife: Animal Impact. Dugongs. Drawing, Simon Mustoe

A paper just published in the Journal of Animal Ecology [1] looks at how sharks scare dugongs and increase seagrass in a tropical environment. While their model is relatively simple, it reveals something of the complex and non-linear effect of relationships between animals and their prey in the food chain. The study is yet another example of why animals are important to us.

The scientists reveal that sharks are seasonal and their appearance might scare dugongs away from seagrass patches, giving the seagrass time to regrow. Seagrass is a crucial weapon against sea level rise, for example, which is a consequence of climate change.

Seagrass is also a major part of the carbon cycle. When Dugongs graze seagrass, they are also increasing its carbon content. In Indonesia, one study found that Dugongs removed 93% of seagrass shoots and three-quarters of growth from four centimetres below ground but it only took five months to recover and the consequence was, more carbon stored overall. The grasses bounced back stronger, thicker and more diverse [2].

It’s nice to see researchers referring to the importance of animals for both stability of ecosystems and biodiversity. In an interview with the scientists in the Bangor Daily News, it was said that:

“The team found that predators, like some sharks, including tiger sharks in this study, are critical for maintaining stability and biodiversity in the world’s oceans”.

I recently wrote about how boom-bust cycles between predator and prey work, in another blog article about sharks. Beyond thinking about what eats who and how much, have a think about what the movement of animals means too. The evolution of patterns of behaviour and migration of animals, in particular, are really significant factors in ecosystem resilience and stability and it’s why we can’t simply genetically-engineer new animals and expect their ecology to work.

Marine predators benefit from periods when there is less surface productivity … but only as long as there are plentiful periods in between. This boom-bust cycle, where animals expand and then contract geographically, is necessary to allow recovery of fish populations. Fluctuations in the numbers of predator and prey can then track each other closely over the long-term

  1. Nowicki, RJ, Thomson, JA, Fourqurean, JW, Wirsing, AJ, Heithaus, MR. Loss of predation risk from apex predators can exacerbate marine tropicalization caused by extreme climatic events. J Anim Ecol. 2021; 00: 1– 12. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13424
  2. Iongh, H.H., B.J. Wenno, and E. Meelis, Seagrass distribution and seasonal biomass changes in relation to dugong grazing in the Moluccas, East Indonesia. Aquatic Botany, 1995. 50: p. 1-19.
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